Three Questions with Coffee Expert Beamlak Bekele

Three Questions with Coffee Expert Beamlak Bekele

For Beamlak Bekele, coffee has always been a part of life. One of her earliest memories is watching her father cup coffee in a laboratory in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Despite growing up in a coffee-centered family, she initially pursued architecture and urban planning, never expecting to follow in her father’s footsteps—let alone place second in Ethiopia’s national barista championship.

At the encouragement of her sister Sofia, Bekele took a quality control course and began working as a coffee laboratory assistant at Addis-based Tsega FTA. She later became a green coffee export manager with Siniws Business, where she gained a deeper understanding of the global coffee market and the inequities within it.

“I saw a lot of injustice and inequity,” she said. “A lot of people weren’t passionate about coffee. Many in Ethiopia see it only as a means for foreign exchange or a way to import goods.”

Determined to make a difference, Bekele began working with the gender-equity-focused nonprofit Equal Origins and later became the project coordinator for the Ethiopian chapter of the International Women’s Coffee Alliance. Her current work focuses on inclusivity, coffee education, and environmental protection. She also worked part-time as a barista at Cherish Addis Cafe, where she trained for the national barista championships.

“I feel very privileged,” she said. “Being fluent in language gives me opportunities that many in coffee, especially women at the farm level, don’t have. They have little access to education, training, or a global perspective on coffee. There’s still a long way to go, and those of us with privilege have a responsibility to be the voice for others who don’t have the same opportunities.”

Bekele strongly believes in a mutual exchange of knowledge, emphasizing that people in coffee-producing countries have just as much to teach as those in consuming countries.

“People come to Ethiopia for origin trips, and we are always welcoming,” she said. “But when it comes to reciprocity, people from here can’t afford to attend most international expos. The ironic part is that when important discussions about producer countries happen, we rarely see actual representation from those countries.”

Given her passion for fostering meaningful dialogue, Bekele was grateful to participate in the recent Barista Exchange with Cxffeeblack.

“It was a great experience to have a space where we could share not just the challenges we face in the industry but also our hopes for the future,” she said.

What about coffee excites you the most?

I’ve always been curious about how things work, and coffee is such a vast topic—the science, the art, the sensory skills, the barista craft. I’m always eager to learn more.

Beyond that, I love the passion people have for coffee and how it connects them. Despite the injustices in the industry, coffee fosters deep connections across the world. That bond between people, regardless of geography, is powerful, and I believe it has the potential to drive positive change in the industry.

What about coffee troubles you the most?

The injustices in the industry. It’s not fair that people from producing countries don’t have the same opportunities to voice their opinions or participate in global conversations.

What would you be doing if it weren’t for coffee?

I studied architecture and urban planning, but I don’t think I would have stayed in that field. I’m fascinated by how people’s experiences shape who they are, so I’d probably be a psychologist or therapist.

 

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The Brew Theory of Pour Over Coffee

Why is it so tricky to brew a great pour over coffee? After all, at its heart, making a pour over is a simple process—pouring hot water over ground coffee dissolves flavor and aromatic compounds in the beans. The challenge lies in dissolving only the right kinds of compounds in coffee—and in the right proportion. To make a perfect pour over coffee is to find a coffee’s “sweet spot,” a balance of the extraction percentage and strength level we consider most delicious.

Coffee Strength and Extraction

When it comes to understanding strength and extraction, we find it helpful to compare coffee to a spice cupboard. Much in the same way spices are stowed away in a cupboard, an array of delicious flavors—aka volatile and soluble compounds—are locked inside roasted coffee beans. To be exact, coffee contains on average 30 percent soluble compounds and 70 percent insoluble compounds. But like any cook’s cupboard, it also contains a handful of flavors we don’t want—or want only in limited quantities—particularly bitter compounds that impart flavors of ash, tobacco, or carbon. What’s so fun about making a pour over coffee is how much control it gives you in pulling out exactly the right flavors at exactly the right ratio. It’s the Michelin-starred chef of coffee brew methods.

Coffee Strength

The concentration or intensity of flavor in a cup is what we refer to as coffee strength. On the palate, a coffee’s strength registers on a spectrum between watery and dense. In scientific terms, it can be measured by the percentage of dissolved coffee to water, a measurement we call the total dissolved solubles, or TDS.

For example, a well-made espresso has a TDS of between 9 and 20 percent coffee to water. By comparison, the more mellow pour over coffee has a much lower TDS of between 1 and 2 percent coffee to 98 to 99 percent water.

Strength is largely influenced by the amount of coffee you brew. In barista terms, this is referred to as the brew ratio or coffee dose. In lay terms, the more coffee you brew, the stronger the cup. At Blue Bottle, to set accurate brew ratios, we use gram scales to measure both our coffee and our water.

And we set individual brew ratios for all our coffees: We prefer our blends slightly stronger, to stand up to milk, so we generally brew them at 30 grams coffee per 350 grams water. We prefer our single origins more nuanced and expressive, so we “turn down the volume” a bit and keep their brew ratio slightly lower, at 22 to 24 grams coffee per 350 grams water.

If this seems like a lot to remember, a good way to assess a coffee’s strength is to judge its body. That is, the weight and feel of the coffee on your tongue. Does the coffee feel light like skim milk or heavy like whipping cream?

Coffee Extraction

Picture a cup of tea: Steep it too little and it will taste like water. Steep it too much and you have tar. Coffee behaves much the same way. Extraction is a measure of the quality of the solubles in coffee, which emerge at different rates the longer you brew. Those rates are influenced by time, temperature, and ratio of ground coffee to water. An underextracted coffee tastes sour. An overextracted cup is overwhelmed with bitter, even burnt flavors.

Ground coffee contains at most about 30 percent soluble compounds; the remaining 70 percent are fiber and other compounds that water cannot penetrate. But if you dissolve all 30 percent, your cup will not taste good. In a properly extracted cup of coffee, only between 18 and 22 percent of the coffee’s solubles have dissolved.

In pour over coffee, extraction is shaped by pour rate and pour patterns. It’s also impacted by grind size. Grind your beans too fine and the water will pass too slowly through the coffee, extracting too many bitter compounds. Grind them too coarse and the water will rush past the best flavor compounds, leaving you with a coffee that tastes only sour, not sweet or radiant. Grind your beans just right, and the optimal flavor compounds will dissolve in the water, leaving the undesirable flavors behind.

If this all seems like a lot to remember, a good way to assess extraction is by the coffee’s finish. Once you’ve finished a cup of coffee, pay attention to whether or not you can still experience its flavors. We often describe finish in terms of duration, how long the taste lingers, and texture, the feel of it in your mouth. Is the finish fleeting or does it linger? Does it feel smooth or rough?

Finding a Pour Over Coffee’s Sweet Spot

The trick to any method of coffee brewing is to hit the sweet spot—to balance a coffee’s strength and extraction percentage to achieve one delicious cup.

Now that you have an understanding of brew theory and the concepts of strength and extraction, we recommend you practice making a pour over coffee, perhaps altering the coffee-to-water ratio to see how flavors can either become more distinct (with more more water) or more opaque and textured, as happens with the addition of more coffee grounds. Notice if you have a preferred strength. Do your preferences depend on the kind of coffee you’re making, whether a lighthearted single origin or a hefty blend?

Play with the extraction quality, too, by honing your pour over coffee skills, from dialing in the grind to pour technique. Somewhere in this quest you’ll start to notice that your coffee becomes more resonant, with every aspect of it coming into clearer focus. Like notes played on a tuned-up piano, individual flavors start to ring, until the entire coffee, from its mouthfeel to its finish, hums like a chord progression.

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